burns with the passion of a sincerely Jewish Christianity. James may well be called “the Amos of the new covenant.”8a In our opinion, the Epistle of James is a quasi-prophetic letter of pastoral encouragement, and, no less, of pastoral rebuke, proceeding from an unquestioned right of pastoral vocation and authority. It was most natural that James, as first “Bishop” (or whatever we may style him) of Jerusalem,8b should address his charges, not only in Palestine but also in their many and great centers